PAST PARTICIPLE
INTRODUCTION
The PARTICIPLES are those which give you a creative form of sentences and help you to place your thoughts more clearly and in short. Moreover, PARTICIPLE is a word which is partly (Verb) and (Adjective), it seems similar to GERUNDS but it works as both verb and adjective that is the reason PARTICIPLES also known as VERBAL ADJECTIVES.
There are Four types of PARTICIPLES:-
1. PRESENT PARTICIPLE – always ends in “ING”, furthermore, the formula will be –
RULE -1 (SUB+V2+SUB/OBJ+V1+ING),
RULE – 2 (SUB+V2+V1+ING+SUB/OBJ).
2. PAST PARTICIPLE – It usually ends in ed, d, en, n, t means Have/has/had/will have + v3, moreover, it’s RULES would be –
3. (SUB+V1+V3+SUB/OBJ),
4. (SUB+V2+V3+SUB/OBJ),
5. (SUB+V2+SUB/OBJ+V3),
6. (V1+ING+SUB/OBJ+V2).
3. PERFECT PARTICIPLE – it starts with Having + V3, formula:-
RULE – 7 (HAVING+V3+SUB/OBJ+V2)
4. PASSIVE PARTICIPLE – it can be spoken and written in three forms:-
RULE – 8 – I) BEING+V3, II) ON+BEING+V3,
III) HAVING BEEN + V3.
RULE – 9 (this rule talks about the LIVELIHOOD CAUSE then we have to “BY” Before PARTICIPLE).
Formula – (SUB+V1+S/ES+BY+V1+ING+OBJ).
RULE – 10 (last rule of participle reflects QUICKNESS OF ACTION, in other words, after completing the first action we start the second action).
Formula – (V1+ING+V2+OBJ+SUB+V2).
PRESENT PARTICIPLE
However, in the present participle, we use “ING” at the end of every sentence.
RULE -1 (SUB+V2+SUB/OBJ+V1+ING)
let’s make some examples:-
1. I SAW KHUSHI EATING.
2. I HEARD TINKU SINGING.
3. HE CAUGHT THE THIEF STEALING.
4. I SAW RANI WORSHIPING.
5. WE HEARD VAJPAYEE SPEAKING.
6. SHIVAM WATCHED SONALI COOKING.
7. CHILDREN SAW SNAKES CREEPING.
8. SONI’S MOTHER CAUGHT SONI STEALING.
9. SHEKHU CAUGHT SUNIL SMOKING.
10. THEIF SAW A WOMAN SLEEPING.
RULE – 2 (SUB+V2+V1+ING+SUB/OBJ)
There would be some minor changes in RULE – 2 would be changed so let’s understand through the given examples below:-
1. I SAW A BLOOMING FLOWER.
2. SHE SAW A BORING MOVIE.
3. MOHAN NARRATED AN EXCITING INCIDENT.
4. HE TOLD ME AN INTERESTING STORY.
5. THE MATCH ENDED IN A THRILLING TIE.
6. RANJEET WATCHED DRAVID SCORING A SIX.
7. MY WIFE IS A WORKING LADY.
8. HE SAW SCREENING CHILDREN ON THE ROAD.
9. NEXT SUNDAY WILL BE THE WORKING DAY.
10. HE IS A DARING PERSON.
PAST PARTICIPLE
Furthermore, the Past Participle of an action word is one of two past structures. However, As an English learner, you’ve likely concentrated on a few irregular action words, found in a rundown comprising of three words: the infinitive, the simple past, and the past participle. Additionally, we will follow the:-
RULE – 3 (SUB+V1+V3+SUB/OBJ)
For Example:-
1. HE HAS SEEN A FALLEN TREE.
2. HE HAS STOLEN MONEY.
3. THE POLICE HAVE SUBMITTED A WRITTEN REPORT IN COURT.
4. YOU HAVE MET RAVEENA.
5. SHE HAD ALREADY SEEN THIS MOVIE.
6. THEY HAVE GONE TO MUMBAI.
7. WE HAVE TAKEN OUR MEAL MUCH EARLIER.
8. RAVI AND SHIVANI HAD LEFT THE UNIVERSITY.
9. SEETA WILL HAVE PAID FEES TO THE INSTITUTION.
10. ANJNAA WILL HAVE PURCHASED A NEW LAPTOP.
However, the verb which contains ed, d, en, n, t at the end and before it we used Have/has/had/will have are belong to the PERFECT TENSE including all Present, Past and Future. Furthermore, we also used Adjectives and Nouns after it such as Tree, Report, Movie, Mumbai, etc. Hence, this is the result we use Past Participle in the way of Adjectives.
RULE – 4 (SUB+V2+V3+SUB/OBJ)
Additionally, Rule 4 talks about the use of V2 with V3 in one sentence.
For Example:-
1. I SAW A BROKEN MIRROR AND CHAIR.
2. SHE FOUND A TORN PAGE IN THE BOOK.
3. THEY HEARD A WICKED CREEPY VOICE.
4. THE POLICE RECOVERED THE STOLEN GOODS.
5. HE WANTED A WRITTEN REPLY FROM US.
6. THEY CHANGED THE BROKEN TABLE.
7. HE SAW THE PLANT ROOTED UP.
8. I SAW A FADED FLOWER.
9. DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SUPPRESSED BY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES.
10. THEY CHANGED THE PLANNED MAPS.
RULE – 5 (SUB+V2+SUB/OBJ+V3)
Moreover, you will be able to some further changes where we use v3 at the last in the sentences. However, it can be possible according to the situation and your creativity in language.
For Example:-
1. HE SAW HIS HOUSE COLLAPSED.
2. SHE SAW WINDOW GLASSES BROKEN.
3. HE FOUND FRUITS AND VEGETABLES ROTTEN.
4. THEY FOUND WINDOWS CLOSED.
5. HE GOT HIS NAME CHANGED.
6. RAVINDER FOUND HIS CAR DAMAGED.
7. SHE FOUND DOORS CLOSED AND LOCKED.
8. SHEFALI FOUND NOTICE ON THE NOTICE BOARD PASTED.
8. MOHAN FOUND HIS PROPERTY ROBBED.
9. EXAMINER FOUND SHIVAM’S PAPER COPIED.
10. JACK FOUND HIS SON SPOILT.
RULE – 6 (V1+ING+SUB/OBJ+V2)
Consequently, the rule uses “ING” at the beginning of sentences. Furthermore, these sentences reflect the result as the second action after the first.
For Example:-
1. HEARING THE CRY, SHE CAME RUNNING OUT.
2. SEEING THE CAT, THE MICE RAN AWAY.
3. READING THE NEWS, HE BECAME HAPPY.
4. READING THE LETTER, SHE BEGAN CRYING.
5. HEARING THE NEWS, PARENTS STARTED ASKING QUESTIONS.
6. SEEING THE POLICE, THE THIEF STARTED RUNNING.
7. REACHING THE SCENE OF THE CRIME, THE POLICE STARTED INTERVIEWING PEOPLE.
8. SEEING THE MOTHER, THE CHILD STARTED SMILING.
9. HAVING THE SWEETS, CHILDREN GOT HAPPY.
10. WATCHING AN EMOTIONAL MOVIE, SNEHA STARTED CRYING.
PERFECT PARTICIPLE
Therefore, when the time interval between two past tense verbs is relatively large, the English of such verbs is formed from the “PERFECT PARTICIPLE”. Moreover here it needs to be kept in mind that the verb which is completed first is formed from the English PERFECT PARTICIPLE/PRESENT PARTICIPLE.
RULE – 7 (HAVING+V3+SUB/OBJ+V2)
For Example:-
1. HAVING TAKEN FOOD, SHE WENT TO BATH.
2. HAVING GONE TO AMERICA, HE EARNED A LOT OF MONEY.
3. HAVING SOLD HIS JEEP, MOHAN BOUGHT A CAR.
4. HAVING GONE TO SINGAPORE, HE EARNED LOTS OF MONEY.
5. HAVING EATEN THEIR LUNCH, THE BOYS WENT TO PLAY ON THE SCHOOL GROUND.
6. HAVING BOUGHT THE TICKET, I ENTERED THE CINEMA HALL.
7. HAVING CHECKED THE INTERVIEWEE’S CERTIFICATE, THEY ASKED HIM TO SIT AND WAIT.
8. HAVING COMPLETED HIS HOMEWORK, RAHUL WENT TO BED.
9. HAVING GONE TO KASHMIR, PRIME MINISTER CONFERENCED WITH KASHMIRI LEADERS.
10. HAVING SOLD TWO-ACRE LAND, MOHAN PURCHASED A NEW FLAT.
PASSIVE PARTICIPLE
Consequently, when the past verb is in the participle passive voice, the first-word “BEING” is used. With this, the word HAVING is not used. However, If for some reason there is a need to use the word HAVING, then BEEN must be used with it. Moreover, the formula for passive participle will be reflected as:-
RULE – 8
I) BEING+V3 Example –
1. BEING BEATEN, THE CHILD BEGAN TO WEEP.
2. BEING CRUSHED, THE SNAKE BITES.
3. BEING INSULTED, HE LEFT HIS HOUSE.
II) ON+BEING+V3 Example –
1. ON BEING BEATEN, THE CHILD BEGAN TO WEEP.
2. ON BEING CRUSHED, THE SNAKE BITES.
3. ON BEING INSULTED, HE LEFT HIS HOUSE.
III) HAVING BEEN + V3 Example –
1. HAVING BEEN BEATEN, THE CHILD BEGAN TO WEEP.
2. HAVING BEEN CRUSHED, THE SNAKE BITES.
3. HAVING BEEN INSULTED, HE LEFT HIS HOUSE.
RULE – 9 (SUB+V1+S/ES+BY+V1+ING+OBJ)
Additionally, when the past verb shows LIVELIHOOD or the talks about CAUSE of any ACTION. Furthermore, there is a need to use the word “BY” before the PARTICIPLE. Moreover, the example will be reflected as:-
1. HE MEETS HIS EXPENDITURE BY SELLING MILK.
2. RATNA SPENDS HIS LIFE BY HUNTING.
3. HE HOARDS MONEY BY ROBBING OTHERS.
4. SHE RUNS HER FAMILY BY SELLING VEGETABLES AND FRUITS.
5. THEY ENTERTAIN PEOPLE BY SINGING SONGS AND DANCING STYLES.
6. HE QUENCHES HIS THIRST BY DRINKING FRUIT JUICE.
7. WE MEET OUR DAILY EXPENSES BY TEACHING STUDENTS.
Consequently, we can make these above sentences into PAST as well. Such as:-
8. WE MET OUR DAILY EXPENSES BY TEACHING STUDENTS.
9. HE QUENCHED HIS THIRST BY DRINKING FRUIT JUICE.
10. THEY ENTERTAINED PEOPLE BY SINGING SONGS AND DANCING STYLES.
RULE – 10
(SUB+V2+OBJ+SUB+V2+OBJ) (Present Participle)
(V1+ING+V2+OBJ+SUB+V2) (Perfect Participle)
However, in this last rule, we try to combine those two sentences of Present Participle which shows QUICKNESS in their nature. Furthermore, we will also combine sentences of Perfect Participle too like above which we have told you.
so let’s see some examples.
PRESENT PARTICIPLE
1. MOHAN HEARD THE MUSIC. HE BEGAN TO JUMP WITH JOY.
2. RITIKA COMPLETED HER HOMEWORK. SHE WENT OUT TO PLAY.
3. I TOOK MY MEAL. I STARTED MY WORK.
4. TEACHER CAME INTO THE CLASS. ALL STUDENTS STOOD UP.
5. SONAM COMPLETED HER HOMEWORK. SHE WENT OUT TO WALK.
PERFECT PARTICIPLE
6. HEARING THE MUSIC, MOHAN BEGAN TO JUMP WITH JOY.
7. HAVING COMPLETED HER HOMEWORK, RITIKA WENT OUT TO PLAY.
8. HAVING TAKEN MY MEAL, I STARTED MY WORK.
9. SEEING THE TEACHER COMING INTO THE CLASS, ALL STUDENTS STOOD UP.
10. COMPLETING THE WORK, SONAM WENT OUT TO WALK.
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